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by Jim Coggins
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| Portrait of a young Charles Darwin, by G. Richmond |
A WEEK after a $27 million Creation Museum opened in the United States, amid spectacle and controversy, a far more modest Canadian equivalent opened to very little fanfare in Alberta.
Canada's Creation Science Museum is in a 900-square-foot one-storey building, which opened June 5 in the small town of Big Valley (population 400).
In contrast, the Creation Museum opened May 28 in Petersburg, Kentucky with music concerts, balloon rides, and a fireworks display. The first day, the museum attracted more than 4,000 visitors, a variety of international media -- and some 50 protestors holding a "rally for reason" outside.
The museum is operated by the Answers in Genesis (AiG) organization. The high-tech, 60,000 square-foot facility includes a 200-seat special-effects theater, a 30-foot-tall depiction of a section of Noah's Ark, and animatronic figures -- such as Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden with dinosaurs -- created by the man who designed the Jaws and King Kong attractions at Universal Studios in Florida.
AiG founder Ken Ham welcomed the first patrons by emphasizing the museum's over-riding purpose: to help beleaguered Christians defend scripture in an era of increasing skepticism toward the veracity of the biblical text.
"The purpose of the museum is to use observational science to show that the Bible is true, its history is true and therefore the gospel is true," he said. "There are a lot of PhD scientists who believe what the Bible teaches. Both creationists and evolutionists use the same science, and the same evidence; the difference is our pre-existing beliefs."
The museum is not far from the location of the 1925 Scopes trial, which established the teaching of evolution in American schools and set off an ideological battle that continues to this day. In a recent debate, Republican presidential candidates were asked if they believed in creation or evolution -- and three candidates stated support for creation. "Just as Dayton, Tennessee, was ground zero for the defense of evolution in 1925," Ham declared, "so Petersburg, Kentucky, will become ground zero for the defense of creation in 2007."
The founder of the Canadian museum is Harry Nibourg, an engineer who divides his time between setting up the museum and working in the oil fields in northern Alberta. He has put about $300,000 of his own money into establishing the museum. It is stocked with fossils, DVDs, books and various displays.
While he is not a scientist, Nibourg told CC.com the museum is "based on the work of hundreds of scientists around the world." He said he received help from other creationism promoters such as Nelson Vance and Ian Juby. Nibourg noted there is an informal network of people promoting creation science views. He said his museum has no direct links with the U.S. museum, but he has agreed to distribute pamphlets for the U.S. museum at his Canadian one.
Nibourg was far more interested in talking about the evidence for creation than about his museum. He admitted his facility is not as well organized as the U.S. one. Hours of operation are not entirely set as of yet, because the museum is operated by volunteers. He said that in Alberta's overheated economy, "It is easier to get volunteers than good paid help."
Still, his little museum has attracted the attention of national media and has been hotly debated in the Edmonton Journal.
Moreover, the museum is not as isolated as it first seems. As the last stop on the Alberta Prairie Steam Train ride, Big Valley is "a tourist town." With attractions such as a boardwalk, a restored Anglican church, a railway roundhouse, a railroad museum and a grain museum, the town draws thousands of visitors every year.
Big Valley is also only a half hour from Drumheller, home of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, which presents a standard evolutionary view based on the discovery of dinosaur fossils in Alberta. Another Alberta creationist, Margaret Helder of the Creation Science Association of Alberta, has written a Royal Tyrrell Museum Guide, which provides a different interpretation to the museum's exhibits.
Nibourg described himself as "a hard-core party animal" before he was converted and became an evangelical Christian. Compared to what he believed before, he said, "This makes a lot more sense."
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Nibourg further asserted: "Christianity and evolution are both faiths. The question is which faith fits the facts, and which faith fails the facts. Evolution is not a science. Evolutionists have tried and failed for 150 years to prove evolution by science."
Nibourg said he sees his work as providing information. "People should see both sides of the story." He said he had been asked if his presentations should be available in public schools. He said, "That's up to the people involved, not up to us." However, he added, "I don't believe public money should be put into something people don't believe," adding that he thinks the Tyrrell museum should also "show both sides."
Not all Christians are enthusiastic about the Big Valley museum.
Denis Lamoureux is both a Pentecostal Christian and an "evolutionary creationist" who teaches at St. Joseph's College, a Roman Catholic institution affiliated with the University of Alberta. He told CC.com that Nibourg and his colleagues are "wonderful Christians," and that their museum "will serve certain people." He noted that such museums are usually built and supported by "people in love with the word of God."
Lamoureux said the media focus on the struggle between atheistic evolutionists and 'young earth' creationists presented a false dichotomy to the public. The young earth view is promoted by the two museums, which affirm the concept that God created the world about 6,000 years ago. Lamoureux noted there are a range of other views -- from people such as himself who believe God guided human evolution, to people such as Hugh Ross who believes in cosmological but not biological evolution, i.e. that the earth is old, but that the creation of animal and human life is recent.
Lamoureux said he is concerned about the "pastoral implications" for university students who study the sciences -- who see the overwhelming evidence for evolution, and lose their faith. He said he is convinced someone can believe in evolution but also in the resurrection of Jesus. He said evangelical schools and public schools should teach all sides and clearly distinguish between the scientific evidence and the philosophical issues sometimes associated with them.
For instance, he said the "public preaching of dogmatic atheism" in the name of science by people such as renowned evolutionist Richard Dawkins "does a disservice to science."
Asked why the U.S. creation science museum is much larger, Nibourg said, "Americans are more passionate about God. We're liberals up here."
A recent ABC news poll showed that, in spite of the teaching of evolution in schools, 60 percent of Americans still believe the world was created in six days.
Lamoureux said the percentage is lower in Canada, but noted polls indicate that around half of Canadians still believe in creation.
Related stories:
The birthplace of the Christian resistance On a steamy southern spring day this week, Robin Cooper watched a steady stream of cars drive through the fancy dinosaur-decorated gates of this city's newly-opened Creation Museum, and worried about his future students. National Post, June 2
Canada's man against Darwin Refuting more than 100 years of received evolutionary science is no easy task. It is especially challenging when all you've got is a 900-square-foot creationist museum in the Alberta countryside to prove that the Book of Genesis better explains our origins than the Darwinian model generally accepted as fact by the world's scientific community. But Harry Nibourg, the man behind Canada's first creationist museum, insists he has enough proof collected in this small house, in this town of 400, to do it. National Post, June 2
Museum's history walk built on the 7 Cs, beginning with 'Creation' The Creation Museum in Petersburg, Ky., features a "walk through history" based on the "7 Cs of History." National Post, June 2
No dinosaurs, but lots of dragons, according to Answers in Genesis Answers in Genesis, the group behind the Creation Museum in Kentucky, lists a number of questions on its Web site and then provides answers. National Post, June 2
New creation museum sparks debate in Alberta Canada's first permanent creation museum is opening its doors on Tuesday and is already sparking criticism from evolution experts. CTV News, June 5
Debunking evolution in dinosaur land 'Which faith fits the facts?' asks devout Christian oil worker who founded museum Globe and Mail, June 6
June 7/2007
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Utter garbage. It often amuses me when the uniformed so boldly proclaim their ignorance.
It was an inteesting experience psychologically, I really resisted having my worldview turned upside down. I could accept Christ and the New Testament (more or less), but I couldn't accept Genesis. After all, "eveyone knows" the Earth is billions of year old, don't they. And we all know that "everyone" is never mistaken.
Do yourself a favour, read a few books (or websites) that offer evidence critical of evolutionary theories, you might shock yourself.
Fabulous!
I can't wait to go and see this museum. Save some tickets for my family! We are on our way!
The Creationists have a very special combination of ignorance and pedantry that features distinct from other pseudo-scientific. First mix all, as if the same thing: Big-bang, Abiogénesis and Biological Evolution. Then, from one course to another course, pseudo-scientific pseudo-scientific, and finally scientific texts Transliterate, taking them out of context to say what they want to say. Of course, thinking that all these tactics are misrepresentation of real science.
The Big Bang as the Abiogénesis and biological evolution are completely different things. The First and Third are properly tested scientific theory, however, is the second phase of scientific hypothesis, with a set of assumptions Rivales compete with each other. The only common thread they have is the philosophy of that party: naturalist, materialist, mechanistic and transformed. But, of course, that creationists do not know, or deliberately ignored. I doubt very much that teach in the Church, in Sunday schools or universities Creationists.
The Big Bang Theory has the following evidence: large-scale homogeneity, Hubble diagram (Expansion of the Universe), cosmic background microwave radiation, fluctuations in the cosmic background microwave radiation, Light element abundance, Structure Long Scale of the Universe, Age of the Stars, Time dilation in the Brightness of Supernovae, Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies, etc .... Introducing the following problems: Horizon, Flatness, Age of globular clusters, Magnetic monopoles, dark matter and dark energy, etc ...
Scenario Abiogenética tries to explain the origin of organisms from non living matter and has the following models (none of which requires a "supernatural being"): Miller-Urey, Fox, Eigen, Wachstershauser, World RNA world of Iron-Sulfur, Bubbles, Autocatálisis, Clay, Gold, World of lipids, polyphosphates, Ecopoiesis, Panspermia, etc ... Very few scientists, like Nasif Nahle of Biology Cabinet Organization, Abiogénesis think that evolution and are same, because they consider that the first would involve the chemical evolution. While Creationists "Scientific" Creationists and Intelligent Design, insists not have anything to do with spontaneous generation of antiquity.
For more than pseudo-scientific Creationists say it, the slow pace of geological change could not have been sufficient to produce the present diversity of organisms in a period between 6,000 and 10,000 years, (no matter how many "created kinds" or baramines is up) the age of the earth and the universe as many Creationists "Scientists" (Morris & Witcomb, 1961, Morris, 1970-1974; Barnes, 1971; Humphreys, 1989, etc ...), as are the alleged "apparent age" that God Judeo-Christian gave the universe, alleged flaws in radiometric dating, the growth rate of world population, if the Earth's magnetic field decay, the alleged decline in the speed of light, the deposition of ocean sediments and geology "diluvial" the impossible in order hydrodynamic fossils, etc ... The techniques of modern geology to estimate ages confirm that the age of the Earth is between 4.200-4.600 billion years old, more than enough time to cover the development of modern forms of life from primitive ancestors. According to Schopf (1968), the oldest fossils of organisms that have an apparent cellular structure has been dated at 3200 million years and were found in Onwerwacht Series of South Africa, consisting of bars (the type of bacteria) and spheroids (of type of Cyanophyta) coal, which are preserved in flint and other fine-grained sedimentary rocks. In the Gunflint formation Ferrífera of Ontario, Canada, which has a length of about 1900 million years (Precambrian and lower middle) found the type of structures Cyanophyta (some of which are stromatolites) and structures such as those bacteria. In the formation of Bitter Springs in Central Australia, with an age of 1000 million years have been some fossil eukaryote, which appears to be algae and fungi. Fauna oldest multicellular animals is known is that of EDIAC Hills, in South Australia, about 680-700 million years (Upper Precambrian), which consists of a fully soft bodied animals, some of which are very similar to present or celenterados (medusoides and Pennatulacea), annelids, echinoderms and bodies of unknown affinity.
On the Theory of Biological Evolution I will make a short list (though I doubt you understand):
I. Evolution is a unifying concept of biology: The Theory of Evolution (Lat. Evolve: unrolling or deployment), enables us to understand the immense variety of life forms that exist on the planet. Evolution is the cumulative change in the characteristics of populations or organisms, which appears in the course of successive generations related by descent. The Theory of Evolution is the origin of all forms of organisms that now exist and opposes the religious myth of Special Creation, which says that each "kind" (Baramin) agency was created supernaturally and as such is not, by therefore related by descent with any other. Establishing a difference between the old concepts of evolution and the scientific study, relatively modern, the mechanisms of evolution (gradual, Saltacionismo and neutral).
1. Lamarque (1809): according to Count Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), the characters acquired during the development of an organism are inherited. It was thought then that in plants these changes were the result of the direct effects of the environment. In animals, a change in the environment cause a change in the needs of the animal, causing the production of new structures to meet those needs. Further development of these structures or their disappearance after many generations was explained by the theory of use and disuse. Unfortunately for this hypothesis, the effects of the use and disuse are restricted to the somatic tissues, so it was discarded.
2. Darwinism or Darwinism (1858-1859): Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) & Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), independently proposed the same theory on the origin of species by natural selection produced by the action of slight variations of different kinds selection, therefore, those species best adapted to survive.
2.1. Artificial selection: original part of a few species of useful plants and animals, human beings have produced great number and variety of races selected by the breeding and reproduction of those individuals who possessed the most valuable.
2.2. Natural Selection: It is the essential part of the Darwinian explanation of the causes of evolution, and is based on the following propositions:
A. Overproduction of offspring: Each species produces more offspring that can survive to maturity. Because of its exponential increase in the number of individuals of a species tends to be extremely large but the population remains roughly constant, remaining the number of individuals of each species nearly stationary under normal conditions, because the disease, competition, climate, etc ..., eliminate a lot of individuals, which shows that much of the offspring in each generation should perish.
B. Variability and Change: Among all individuals and species variations exist, all ranks, among the offspring. Given this variation, some individuals are better equipped for the struggle for existence than others.
C. Competition or "Struggle for Existence": As more individuals are produced that can survive, among them competition for food and space. The struggle for existence is the result of the high rate of reproduction of most organisms, with little variation in individuals adapted to natural conditions are eliminated, while those who have played and continue to exist favorable. There is competition among offspring for resources essential for life, eg food, space, habitat. The success of this struggle for existence must decide which survive and which disappear.
E. Survival to reproduce or transmit hereditary characteristics: The offspring with the combination of the most favorable conditions are to survive and reproduce, passing on those characteristics of the next generation. Natural selection, or the action of the environment on inherited variations that will result in the preservation of individuals with favorable variations and the elimination of those with unfavorable variations. The less gifted, as most will die young, unable to reproduce.
2.3. Sexual selection: that the competition in the choice of partner, eg fights between males, females exercised by choice, etc ... will determine who favored the union.
3. Neolamarquismo: modification of the evolutionary hypothesis of Lamarck, which asserts that the characters are inherited the principle of specific differences. Was held, inter alia, by Trofim D. Lysenko (1898-1976) in the former Soviet Union against the "Bourgeoisie Darwin", supported first by Stalin and then by Khrushchev, but when the latter was deposed, the Soviet leaders re classical genetics and Neodarwinismo.
4. Neodarwinismo or Synthetic Theory of Evolution (Julian Huxley, 1942) are well known to modern interpretations of Darwinism, based on that knowledge to combine the theory of natural selection with Mendel's laws, the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance The Population Dynamics and Molecular Biology.
A. Laws of Mendel (1866): announced by Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) are the governing characteristics of living things.
a. Mendel's first law (Law of Segregation): asserts that Alelomorfos are segregated. Are segregated in meiosis members of the pairs of homologous chromosomes and halves the number of chromosomes passing to each gamete.
b. Mendel's Second Law (Law of Settlement Independent): The random distribution of the alleles of the gametes. In fertilization, the random union of 2 gametes of different sex, meet the crew of chromosomes (and therefore genes) from the 2 parents, leading to production of individuals with different gene combinations.
B. Chromosome Theory of Heredity (Walter Theodor Boveri & Sutton, 1902): The chromosomes, which are filamentous bodies that consist of DNA and protein in cell nuclei containing all genes ultramicroscópicos arranged linearly, from which depends the development of character of an individual.
C. Mechanisms that introduce variability in the DNA which can be:
C.1. Mutations: gene mutations show that the changes of a gene from one allelic form to another, or heritable changes in the sequence of chromosomal DNA (chromosomal rearrangements also occur), both processes have resulted in alterations of the envelope gene (and therefore of characters) that are transmitted to succeeding generations. The gene is altered from the previous alelomórfico. Mutations can be:
d. Point mutation or gene: 1 affecting single nitrogenous base (only 1 nucleotide) which are produced by substitution (or Transitional Transversión), insertion or deletion.
e. Multi-site mutations or chromosomal they affect the structure of the chromosome in regions more or less extensive, are produced by duplication, Investment Deletion or Translocation.
f. Genomic Mutations or karyotypic they affect the number of chromosomes due to errors during the formation of gametes.
C.2. Mobile genetic elements: DNA sequences are capable of moving from one cell to another, even between different species, or within a cell, and multiply them by:
d. Viruses: Viruses are able to insert its genetic material into the genome of the host cell by altering its structure, eg, provirus, Oncovirus, etc ...
e. Bacterial plasmid: small circular DNA segments capable of autorreplicarse the same way as the bacterial chromosome.
f. Genetic Elements Transpose, transposons or jumping genes: discrete DNA sequences that can move to other areas of the genome of the cell, randomly inserted sequences, or intergenerational regulatory genes. May be bacterial or eukaryotic transposons.
C.3. Emergence of new functional genes: sometimes happens that a single gene causes early during evolution of a multigene family located on different chromosomes.
D. Population genetics: evolution occurs whenever there is a change in gene frequency (allele) of the population, even if the change has no visible effect.
E. Natural Selection: The Evolution by Natural Selection has been produced by mutation, not by direct mutation, natural selection eliminates many mutations are harmful, but preserves that are useful .. Most mutations are deleterious, disrupting the mechanism of embryonic development of the organism, but a small group of them are really the raw material of evolutionary change.
F. Gradualism: The great changes that occur during speciation (macroevolution) are the result of minor changes that accumulate over long periods (microevolution).
5. Neutralist theory of molecular evolution (Motoo Kimura, 1967): The mutations are harmless pieces that the genome acquired over time. These are harmless genes spread across the population through random genetic drift. Since they do not alter the functioning of proteins, beyond the effects of natural selection.
6. Theory of punctuated equilibrium (Niles Eldredge & Stephen Jay Gould, 1972): The lines change little during most of its history, but this calm is occasionally punctuated by rapid speciation.
II. Evidence of Evolution: the concept of evolution is a cornerstone of biology and well-grounded.
A. Paleontology: Fossils are remains or traces of animals and plants disappeared. Groups, with transitional forms, such as plants, Progimnospermas and Pteridospermas (transitional forms between pteridophytes and gymnosperms), Las Benettitales, Pentoxylales and Caytoniales (shapes which relate to the Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) in animals The Crosopterigios and Ichthyostégidos (with transitional forms between fish and amphibians), the Antracosaurios and Seymouriamorfos (intermediate forms between reptiles and amphibians), the Therapsidos (which are called "reptiles mamiferoides" for obvious reasons), the Maniraptores and Arqueornitas (with a clear transition Reptilian-Ave), etc ...
As far as the persistent or pancrónicas (the "living fossils"), as B. Melendez (1977), firstly, they have changed, but little, and in them the speed of evolution has been lower than in other organisms. Second, evolved very rapidly, before reaching the state where they are. The reality is that evolution is not constant for different systematic groups, either for yourself over time.
B. Comparative anatomy and morphology: if the agencies are in fact linked, it is logical to assume that the more closely the relationship between any two species, the greater the number of common characteristics that they possess.
1. Counterpart bodies (Gr. Homos: same + layman speak): When we found in various body structures that have the same origin and identical structural roots in the development, and are built using the same basic plan, saying that such bodies are homologous OQUE possess homologous similarity, without considering whether they are similar in appearance, or performing similar functions. Homology is a fundamental similarity, structural equality of an organ or part in a class of organisms compared to other unit, which is a community of ancestors.
2. Similar bodies (Gr. Analogy: Relation): When different agencies are structures that look the same and have similar functions but differ in structural plan and its origin, we say that showers are analogous structures, or who have similar similarities. The analogy is the similarity of traits or external functions, but no plan or structural origin.
3. Bodies vestigiales (Lat. Vestigium: fingerprint or other): These are small bodies degenerate, but that correspond to organs, once useful, they were fully developed, which have ceased to be, which is proven by the fact that homologous organs those are still depending on other related agencies.
C. The Comparative Embryology: The embryology, the study of the stages of development of individual organisms, but is a special branch of biology, is closely related to comparative anatomy. The issues covered and the evidence provided by the embryology are divided into 2 categories:
C. The Comparative Embryology: The embryology, the study of the stages of development of individual organisms, but is a special branch of biology, is closely related to comparative anatomy. The issues covered and the evidence provided by the embryology are divided into 2 categories:
1). The similarities between embryos of different groups and the similarities between groups of embryos "superior" and adult groups "inferior." The similarity between embryos of different animals is the closest resemblance between the adult animals.
2). Some characters are preserved in the ancestral ontogeny of descendants, this persistence can be an aid in the interpretation of evolutionary relationships.
The accumulation of genetic changes in organisms from diverse evolution modifies the pattern of development in embryos of higher vertebrates.
D. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Comparative Physiology: The fundamental similarities between the physiological properties and functions of organisms, provide evidence for evolution.
l). Serum is more similar to vertebrates coming in distant vertebrates.
2). The sequence of amino acids in proteins such as hemoglobin and cytochromes show greater similarity in species nearby.
3). The largest proportion of the nucleotide sequences of DNA is identical in closely related organisms.
4). The universality of the genetic code is a decisive evidence to assert that all living things are related. The few exceptions confirm important events, such as the generation of the eukaryotic cell by endosimbiosis (Theory Endosimbiótica of Lynn Margulis, 1970).
E. Taxonomy: the assignment of organisms to the taxonomic categories, it is not arbitrary, is based on the fact that different species have characteristics in common, more or less numerous, and can be assembled in small groups or large, according to degree of relationship homologies determined by other means.
F. Ecology: the adaptation of organisms to particular patterns of life, have 2 points, on the one hand, there is perfection in a great many functions and adaptive structures, and the other species are observed imperfectly adapted to their environment or without adaptive features would be desirable.
G. Biogeography: The animal and plant species are not universally shared, and hardly any one species is in all parts of the world where conditions are appropriate for their existence. The geographical distribution of organisms, is not arbitrary, but reflects a pattern, and it supports evolution.
1). Areas that have been separated from the rest of the world for a long time, have a flora and fauna of these specific areas (endemic).
2). Each species is created only once (as their home).
3). From this center of origin, the species expands until a stop barrier.
III. Conclusion: The vast majority of biologists, serious, accept the theory of Darwin-Wallace as the best general explanation of evolution. Disagree mainly due to better understanding of some key biological processes, unknown at the time, but discovered by recent research, such as neutrality and punctuated equilibrium, but the fact of evolution in itself.
For more than Creationists strive to the contrary, the terms evolution and Darwinism are not necessarily synonymous, although they are often used as such, many biologists reserved for the second explanation given by Darwin of the causes of evolution.
Intelligent Design is a recycling of the English theologian William Paley, creator of the famous analogy of the maker of watches, "If we find a pocket watch in a field, Paley wrote in 1802 - we can immediately infer that it was not produced by natural processes acting blindly but by a designer human intellect. By the same token, he reasoned, the natural world contains abundant evidence of a supernatural creator. "To be finalized, I should say that both the logical fallacies of the universe well tuned, the irreducible complexity of biochemistry Michael J. Behe (1993) Specific and complex information of William A. Dembski, have been widely challenged by scientists like Ken Miller and Francis J. Ayala, among many others. The "intelligent design" is just an imaginary creature that lives in the minds of the followers of "Delirio Ininteligente.
The creations are deeply dishonest and liars, first wanted to prohibit the Theory of Evolution, then said that creationism is a science, then admitted it is a religion, but arguing that evolution is a religion of "Atheist Dogma-materialist," and finally invented the monstrosity of Intelligent Design. Moving from a "hand, robbed of drowning" to another. They go to the four winds advocating the "fall of the evolution," counting one by one the "scientific" dissidents to "Darwinian Orthodoxy", and Mint shamelessly to the faithful of their churches, saying that there is a greater consensus among scientists "supporting Intelligent Design, Creation and the Flood Special Universal. Or talk of failure in convincing the courts of the United States.
Creationists are liars, and the only thing that interests them is faithful gather to sell books, collect their tithing, and visit their "Museum of Creation."
But in the end (as I have written many blogs), the Creationists have reason, as the principal scientific''evidence''against the evolution in general and humans in particular, can be found at: Genesis 2 , 7''Then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the earth, breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and the man was living'', because in the minds of creationists instead found much Brain, but much powder ...
PS: This reply, I'm already standardized, more or less modifications to Blogs and personal emails, replying to lies and half truths of the Creationists in general, and I must say that so far none has responded satisfactorily, except with a lot of religious and pseudo-scientific jargon.
Phosphoros.